{"id":2707,"date":"2019-03-04T04:07:57","date_gmt":"2019-03-04T04:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.basqueeducational.org\/?page_id=2707"},"modified":"2019-05-23T02:40:30","modified_gmt":"2019-05-23T02:40:30","slug":"about-basque-cinema","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.basqueeducational.org\/fr\/about-basque-cinema\/","title":{"rendered":"A propos du cin\u00e9ma basque"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid gradient-container-1\"><div class=\"gradient-column-1 wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p>(Extrait de Rob Stone, du British Film Institute)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">La controverse engendr\u00e9e par <a style=\"color: #333333;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.basqueclub.com\/Medem.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Le bal basque de Julio Medem : La peau contre<\/a> The Stone n'est que le dernier \u00e9pisode d'une lutte pour repr\u00e9senter et explorer l'identit\u00e9 basque au cin\u00e9ma. Les premiers r\u00e9cits de voyage c\u00e9l\u00e9braient un paysage et un patrimoine uniques qui avaient engendr\u00e9 une race indomptable, et cette notion romantique d'une nation historiquement, linguistiquement et culturellement isol\u00e9e sur le continent europ\u00e9en, avec des provinces s'\u00e9talant de part et d'autre des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es, allait \u00e9galement s\u00e9duire des \u00e9crivains et des cin\u00e9astes \u00e9trangers tels qu'Orson Welles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Cependant, apr\u00e8s la guerre civile espagnole (1936-39), l'hagiographie a \u00e9t\u00e9 contr\u00e9e par les politiques et tactiques oppressives de la dictature franquiste (1939-75), qui interdisait le droit de r\u00e9union et l'utilisation de la langue basque, l'euskera, et poussait les dissidents dans des clubs de cin\u00e9ma priv\u00e9s qui servaient de couverture aux d\u00e9bats politiques. Par cons\u00e9quent, l'union de la pens\u00e9e et de l'action politiques avec la th\u00e9orie et la pratique cin\u00e9matographiques a propag\u00e9 une foi puissante dans les films documentaires en tant qu'instruments d'enregistrement et de propagande.<\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 56.25% 0px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;\"><iframe style=\"position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/86379258?title=0&amp;byline=0&amp;portrait=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/api\/player.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p><!--nextpage-->Entre-temps, les plaisirs particuliers de l'hospitalit\u00e9 basque ont conduit \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation du Festival du film de Saint-S\u00e9bastien en 1953, suivi de plusieurs festivals de courts m\u00e9trages et de documentaires. Les documentaristes basques ont cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 exprimer le contraste et la discorde qui d\u00e9finissaient leur relation avec l'industrie cin\u00e9matographique franquiste centralis\u00e9e et, bien que priv\u00e9e d'euskara, leur juxtaposition de sons et d'images a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un langage \u00e9quivalent de conflit qui a culmin\u00e9 avec l'introspection d'Ama Lur (1968). R\u00e9alis\u00e9 l'ann\u00e9e m\u00eame de l'escalade de la violence qui a assombri le d\u00e9veloppement du Pays basque moderne, Ama Lur a inspir\u00e9 de nombreuses personnes, tant sur le plan politique qu'artistique, \u00e0 tel point qu'apr\u00e8s la fin de la dictature, le premier gouvernement basque autonome a rapidement consacr\u00e9 5% de l'ensemble de son budget \u00e0 la construction de la nation par la relance de l'industrie cin\u00e9matographique autochtone.<\/p>\n<p>De nombreuses \u00e9pop\u00e9es ont suivi, r\u00e9alis\u00e9es par des cin\u00e9astes qui ont profit\u00e9 de g\u00e9n\u00e9reuses subventions, et de nouvelles soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de production ont vu le jour. La s\u00e9rie documentaire Ikuska, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par Bertan Filmeak, a servi d'apprentissage \u00e0 Imanol Uribe, dont le parcours entre le documentaire, la reconstitution et la fiction a domin\u00e9, influenc\u00e9 - et sans doute trop orient\u00e9 vers le terrorisme - la repr\u00e9sentation cin\u00e9matographique du Pays basque. D'autres approches des th\u00e8mes sociaux et des pr\u00e9occupations basques, comme la toxicomanie et l'ali\u00e9nation urbaine, sugg\u00e8rent la nature universelle de ces probl\u00e8mes ; mais l'optimisme, bien que rare, n'est pas absent.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_grey wpb_content_element  wpb_content_element\" ><span class=\"vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l\"><span class=\"vc_sep_line\"><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r\"><span class=\"vc_sep_line\"><\/span><\/span>\n<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<h5>Pour plus d'informations sur le cin\u00e9ma basque :<\/h5>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_inner vc_row-fluid vc_row-o-equal-height vc_row-o-content-middle vc_row-flex\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-center vc_do_btn\" ><a class=\"vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-square vc_btn3-style-modern vc_btn3-block vc_btn3-color-default\" href=\"https:\/\/nabasque.eus\/culture\/2004-Euskal-Etxeak-Magazine-Basque-Cinema-64_i.pdf\" title=\"\" target=\"_blank\">Euskal Herria et l'aventure du cin\u00e9ma (2004)<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-center vc_do_btn\" ><a class=\"vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-square vc_btn3-style-modern vc_btn3-block vc_btn3-color-default\" href=\"http:\/\/www.etxepare.eus\/media\/uploads\/publicaciones\/euskal_zinema_franc.pdf\" title=\"\" target=\"_blank\">Euskal Zinema - Cin\u00e9ma basque (2012)<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-4\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"vc_btn3-container vc_btn3-center vc_do_btn\" ><a class=\"vc_general vc_btn3 vc_btn3-size-md vc_btn3-shape-square vc_btn3-style-modern vc_btn3-block vc_btn3-color-default\" href=\"http:\/\/basque.unr.edu\/docs\/Basque_Cinema.pdf\" title=\"\" target=\"_blank\">Cin\u00e9ma basque - Introduction - Jaume Marti-Olivella<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(An excerpt by\u00a0Rob Stone, from the\u00a0British Film Institute) The controversy engendered by Julio Medem&#8217;s Basque Ball: The Skin Against the Stone is only the latest bout in a struggle to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_price":"","_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_header":"","_tribe_default_ticket_provider":"","_tribe_ticket_capacity":"0","_ticket_start_date":"","_ticket_end_date":"","_tribe_ticket_show_description":"","_tribe_ticket_show_not_going":false,"_tribe_ticket_use_global_stock":"","_tribe_ticket_global_stock_level":"","_global_stock_mode":"","_global_stock_cap":"","_tribe_rsvp_for_event":"","_tribe_ticket_going_count":"","_tribe_ticket_not_going_count":"","_tribe_tickets_list":"[]","_tribe_ticket_has_attendee_info_fields":false,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2707","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"campaignId":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":false,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/PaFejT-HF","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.basqueeducational.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.basqueeducational.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.basqueeducational.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.basqueeducational.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.basqueeducational.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2707"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.basqueeducational.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3058,"href":"https:\/\/www.basqueeducational.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2707\/revisions\/3058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.basqueeducational.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}